| 数字式材料试验机机器各系统及工作原理
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">本机分主机和测力计两部分，二者通过油管相联接。
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top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">（一）
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">主机
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">主机由高度可调的支撑框架（由机座丝杠及移动横梁组成）工要作框架（由工作油缸、活塞、工作台、光杠及上横梁组成）两部分组成。
-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">其工作原理是由高压油泵向工作油缸供油，通过活塞运动，推动工作台和上横梁向上运动，进行试样的拉伸或压缩试验。拉伸试验在主机的上横梁与移动横梁之间进行，压缩试验是在主机的工作台与移动横梁之间进行。而试验空间的调整主要是通过驱动机构移动横梁升降达到。
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mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">、工作油缸与活塞
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">工作油缸与活塞为主机的主要部分，油缸固定在机座上，活塞与工作台之间设置球头，回程是靠自重将活塞压回，压力油的密封是利用油缸与活塞之间的没膜进行密封，并以油缸的内表面导向，由于球头的调心作用，减少了由于侧向力引起的油缸与活塞之间的摩擦力。
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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.1pt">、移动横梁和驱动机构
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";position:relative;
top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">移动横梁通过传动螺母支撑在丝杠上，丝杠可正、反两个方向旋转，丝杠是靠装在底部的驱动机构来实现其转动。移动机构由减速电机、链轮、链条组成、减速电机通过链轮、链条带动两根丝杠同步旋转。
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（1
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）工作台
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（2
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）限位拉板
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（3
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）限位开关
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（4
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）碰杆
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（5
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）油缸、活塞
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（6
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）底座 mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在工作台1 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与底座6 font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">之间安装了限位开关3 mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当活塞上升时带动限位拉板2 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">共同上升，若碰杆4 font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">与限位开头外出弹簧杆接触时，即将油泵电源断开，实现安全保护功能。 4
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、减速机构 1
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、丝杠 2
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、大链轮 3
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、调整介轮 4
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、主动链轮 5
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、活塞、油缸 6
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">、链条 1
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">）在机座上面装有减速机构，其中
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为主动链轮，带动链条运动，1
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">为对称的丝杠，2
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为装在丝杠上的大链轮，3
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为调整张力的调整介轮，5
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">为活塞油缸，6
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为链条。 2
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">）链条的安装与调整，在出厂以前已经调好，用户不必再调。
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">（二）测力计
top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">本试验机采用数字式测力指示器。测力部分由数字显示器、压力传感器、微电脑及打印机组成。具体使用方法见测力显示控制仪使用说明书。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:
-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">（三）压液控制系统
15.0pt;position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">液压控制系统由测力计的高压油泵、送油阀、回油阀、主机的工作油缸工作活塞等组成。试验时油液经油泵的出油管进入送油阀，送油阀的手轮关闭时，由于油压作用，送油阀的手轮打开时，油经送油阀节流后经送油管进入工作油缸，在压力的作用下，工作活塞向上移动带动主机工作台、光杠上横梁等对试样加荷，同时压力油经回油管进入回油阀，再进入压力传感器，经过微电脑的计算和处理，以数字形式显示或打印出结果。
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mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">、高压油泵
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";position:relative;
top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">高压油泵系采用轴向式柱塞泵，油泵流量为
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">—
top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">3L/min
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:
-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">与油箱电机一起组成泵站。
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";position:relative;top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:
.1pt">、送油阀
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";position:relative;
top:1.0pt;mso-text-raise:-1.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt">该送油阀亦称溢流节流阀，该阀是控制负荷、加荷速度的关键部件，试验时可根据实际需要调整控制该阀开口大小，达到控制流量和压力的目的。
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